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虛擬語氣講解教案
虛擬語氣用來表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣講解教案應(yīng)該怎么做?怎么做比較好?下面是小編整理的虛擬語氣講解教案，僅供參考。
狀語從句中的虛擬語氣【1】
�、俜绞綘钫Z從句
由as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況，也可以用虛擬語氣表示與事實(shí)不符或與事實(shí)相反的情況。
a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不相符，用一般過去時
the teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 這位老師對待這位學(xué)生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。(這位學(xué)生并不是她的親生孩子)
b. 表示與過去事實(shí)不相符，用過去完成時
i felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感覺我們好像認(rèn)識多年了。(其實(shí)并沒有認(rèn)識多年)
c. 表示與將來事實(shí)不相符，用wouldmightcould
it looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)
對比：
he looks as if he is young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。(他就是年輕)
he looks as if he were young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。(實(shí)際上他不年輕)
②目的狀語從句
a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，動詞用“should + 動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示憂慮或目的。
please remind me of it again tomorrow in case i (should) forget. 請你明天再提醒我這件事，以免我忘記。
she emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)免得他忘記。
we had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding.
我們開了一個會，面對面談了這件事，以免發(fā)生任何誤會.
b. 在in order that和so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
i shall write down your telephone number so that i may not forget. 我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。
they worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 為了能提前完成工作，他們比往常更加努力。
we will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真實(shí)情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。
③讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句指事實(shí)時，從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣。若從句內(nèi)容表示現(xiàn)在和將來的假設(shè)情況，從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。
though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失敗了，仍有一線希望。
i should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在這里，我還是要這么說。
whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功還是失敗，我們還是要做好自己的事。
however hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我們還是要去那里。
no matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一個人不論其社會地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
c.定語從句中的虛擬語氣
在it is (high) time (that) ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，表示“到某人該做某事的時間了”。
it is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子們睡覺的時間了。
it is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我們開會的時間了。
四、其他句型中的虛擬語氣
a. if only......
if only位于句首引起的感嘆句用虛擬語氣，動詞用一般過去時表示目前的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去的愿望，用would或could表示將來。
if only he knew the answer. 他要是知道答案就好了。(用過去時表示現(xiàn)在)
if only i could speak several foreign languages!我要是能講幾種外語就好了!(用wouldcould表示將來)
if only you had told me the truth before. 要是你以前告訴我真相就好了。(用過去完成時表示過去)
注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。
if only it would rain. 但愿天能下點(diǎn)兒雨!= how i wish it would rain.
if only i had known her earlier! 要是我早點(diǎn)兒認(rèn)識她就好了!= i wish i had known her earlier.
b.would rather
would rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接從句，表示“寧愿”，動詞用過去時表示當(dāng)時和將來的情況，用過去完成時表示過去的情況。
i would rather you left today. 我寧可你今天走。
i would prefer he didn't stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在這兒呆得太久。
i would rather i hadn't seen that film yesterday. 我寧愿昨天沒有看那場電影。
提示：
would rather 主要有兩種用法。
1.后接不帶to的不定式
i'd rather play tennis than swim. 我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，也不愿游泳。
i'd rather not go to the movies. 我寧愿不去看電影。
which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜歡喝茶，還是咖啡
2.后接不用連詞的that從句
i'd rather you went home now. 我希望你現(xiàn)在就回家。
i would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。
c.表示愿望的感嘆句
在表示祝愿的感嘆句中，用動詞原形，表示愿望。
long live the people's republic of china! 中華人民共和國萬歲!
may you be happy! 祝您快樂!
god bless you! 上帝保佑你!
success attend you! 祝你成功!
the lord save us! 愿主救我們!
d.情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣
部分情態(tài)動詞的過去形式(could, might, should, would)，可以用于非真實(shí)條件句以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中表示虛擬語氣。
1.表示想像或猜測
if i could speak french, i would teach you. 如果我會說法語，我就能教你。(我不會，所以不能教你)
if you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled. 如果你現(xiàn)在給他打電話，你就可以把問題解決了。
there could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 這臺錄音機(jī)可能出毛病了。
he might have said so. 他可能這樣說過。
could he have done such a foolish thing 他會做這樣的傻事嗎?
2.表示委婉或客氣
虛擬語氣(could, would, might + 動詞原形)可使說話者的口氣變得委婉客氣。
you could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回這個電子郵件。
could you leave me your telephone number and address 你能將電話號碼和地址留給我嗎?
would you mind opening the window 勞駕把窗子打開，好嗎?
you might as well put off the discussion till next week. 你們不妨把討論推遲到下個星期。
比較：
would lide to do
愿意，想要
would lide to have done
本來想
i would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你談一談。(現(xiàn)在想)
i would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你談一談的。(沒有談成)
3.表示惋惜或責(zé)備
given more time, we could have done better. 如果給我們更多時間，我們能夠干得更好些。(我們并沒有得到更多的時間)
you could have got up a little earlier! 你完全可以早點(diǎn)兒起來!(實(shí)際上沒有早起)
it was cold yesterday. i should have worn a heavy coat. 昨天很冷，我該穿件厚外套的。(但我沒穿)
this wall shouldn't have been pained blue. 這墻不應(yīng)該漆成藍(lán)色。(但已漆了)
提示：
當(dāng)代英語一個顯著的變化就是虛擬語氣的使用越來越少，許多該用虛擬語氣的地方都用陳述語氣代替。
he suggested that i went to the hospital at once. 他建議我們立刻去醫(yī)院。(原應(yīng)用should go)
we shall write down the address lest we forget. 我們要把地址記下來，以免忘記。(原應(yīng)用should forget)
imagine you are an astronaut. 設(shè)想你是個宇航員。(原應(yīng)用were)
虛擬語氣教案【2】
一、語氣的種類：英語句子中謂語動詞的語氣有四種：
1.直陳語氣(The Indicative Mood)直陳語氣用于直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鍪聦?shí)、描述狀態(tài)：
e.g.He has published quite anumber of essays this year.他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文，虛擬語氣教案。
2.祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)祈使語氣用于提出請求、命令、建議或是勸告等：
e.g.Wait outside until you are asked.請?jiān)谕饷娴群�，請你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。
Let's just take abreak,shall we?我們休息一會兒，好嗎?
3.疑問語氣(the interrogative mood)：用來提出問題
e.g.Where are from?
4.虛擬語氣(The Subjunctive Mood)虛擬語氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語氣不太顧及事實(shí)的存在，它表現(xiàn)出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的;或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然，有時為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語氣。
e.g.I wish you were more careful.但愿你更細(xì)心一些。
If Ihad more money,I would buy abigger apartment.
我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢，我就買一套更大一些房子。
Would you mind shutting the door?勞駕您把門關(guān)上。
二、虛擬語氣的種類：虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多;條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。
三、真實(shí)性條件句
真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生,各種結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時shall/will+動詞原形
祈使句情態(tài)動詞一般現(xiàn)在時
e.g.If he comes,he will bring his violin.如果他來，會帶小提琴來的。
典型例題：The volleyball match will be put off if it_.
A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained
答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
注意：1.在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall,will.
(錯)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.
(對)If you leave now,you will never regret it.
2.表示真理時，主句謂語動詞不用shall(will)+動詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式
四、非真實(shí)條件句
1.虛擬語氣可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況，時態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時態(tài)往后推移
2.
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)一般過去時(be用were)Would/should/could/might/ought to+動詞原形1.If they werehere,they would help you.
2.if we had enough money,we would buy acomputer.
3.if Iwere you,I wouldn't do it.
4.if it rained tomorrow,we'd stay at home.
5.it would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.
與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去完成時Should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞1.If he had come yesterday,I should have told him about it.
2.if Ihad been in her position I'd have quit.
3.if the weather hadn't been so bad,we might have gone out.
4.if he had apologized,you should have done so too.
5.I should never have done it if Ihadn't been so hard up.
與將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想一般過去時/should/would
+動詞原形Should/would/could/might/ought to+動詞原形1.If you suc ceeded,everything would be all right.
2.If they invited me,I would certainly attend it.
3.if he went,would you go too?
與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)were+不定式Should/would/could/might/ought to+動詞原形1.if she were to lose her place they would be ruined.
2.if you were to speak to him,it would carry more weight.
五、混合條件句(也叫：錯綜時間條件句)
有時，主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句
e.g.
1.If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.如果你昨天問過他，今天就知道做什么了。(從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
2.If it had rained last night(過去),it would be very cold today(現(xiàn)在).如果昨晚下過雨，今天就會很冷了。
3.if you'd listened to me,you wouldn't be in such trouble now.如果你聽了我的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會這樣麻煩了
4.if it hadn't been for her care,I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是她照顧我，我也不會在這里和你講話
5.If the doctor had come in time,any would still be alive.如果醫(yī)生及時趕到，AMY現(xiàn)在還活著，教案《虛擬語氣教案》(http://www.unjs.com)。
六、含蓄條件句：含蓄條件句是指非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄條件句常見的表達(dá)方式有：
1.定語從句和狀語從句
e.g.anyone who had married such agirl as she would have been regretful.誰娶了像她這樣的姑娘都會后悔的
help was promised where it should become necessary.要是需要的話就答應(yīng)給予幫助
2.介詞及介詞短語but that,as though,once,but for,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,as if,on condition that,in the past等
e.g.but for his pension,he would starve.要不是有養(yǎng)老金，他都要餓死了
without your help,I couldn't have achieved all this.要不是有你幫助我不會取得這些成就
with his aid,you would succeed.如果有了他的幫助，你就會成功。
plants would die without water on the earth.地球上如果沒有水，植物就會死的
but for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago.要是沒有霧的話，我們很早就到目的地了
under more favourable conditions we could have finished the task.如果條件對我們更有利，我們就會把工作完成得更好
3.連詞otherwise,or,but e.g.he would have given you more help,but he has been so busy.他本來要多給你一些幫助，只是他太忙了
seize the chance,otherwise you would regret it.如果不抓住這個機(jī)會，你會后悔的
he felt very tired yesterday,or he would have helped you.他昨天覺得很累，不然會幫你的
4.通過分詞短語表示條件
e.g.Given more time,we could have done it better.
Legalizing this drug would have disastrous consequence.使毒品合法化會有災(zāi)難性的后果
5.用動詞不定式表示條件
e.g.It would be amistake not to help him.
She would have done anyghing to make amends.她會做任何事來彌補(bǔ)
特殊情況：情態(tài)動詞在日常用語中用得很多，使句子顯得比較委婉;這類謂語算不算虛擬語氣很難說，但有兩點(diǎn)是肯定的：
一是它們不受時態(tài)的影響，雖然形式接近過去式，卻常指現(xiàn)在的情況，而且和虛擬語氣在形式上一致，在不少情況下幾乎可以說是一種含蓄的虛擬條件句;
二是它們不表示事實(shí)，常帶有主觀色彩，因而使句子顯得很委婉。
e.g.I should think that might be agood solution.
could Itrouble you with aquestion?
could you lend me some money?
would you mind taking part?
would you like some tea?
七、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用
1.虛擬語氣用在would rather，would(just)as soon，would sooner，would prefer(希望)等后接的賓語從句中。意指某人寧愿讓另一個人做某事，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣。若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪瞿呈拢瑥木渲^語動詞需用一般過去時，表示過去已經(jīng)做的事，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。
e.g.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。
To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說，我希望你不要卷入這件事。
You don't have to be in such ahurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒有必要這么著急，我寧愿你先去上班。
I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時先不要就此事發(fā)表意見。
Frankly speaking，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對此事什么也不做。
Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early?為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢?
注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動詞原形e.g.I would rather stay at home today.
�、趙ould rather...than...中用動詞原形e.g.I would rather stay at home than go out today.
2.在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,
insist+(should)do e.g.I suggest that we(should)hold ameeting next week.我建議下周召開個會議。
He insisted that he(should)be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。
注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。
判斷改錯：(錯)You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(對)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(對)I insisted that you were wrong.
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